Software

Operating Systems, Applications, and Utilities

Operating Systems

• The foundation of a computer system.
• Manages hardware and software resources.  
• Provides a user interface.  
• Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android.  

Key functions:

• Memory management
• Process management
• File management
• Input/output handling
• Network communication

Applications

• Software designed to perform specific tasks.
• Run on top of the operating system.  
• Examples: word processors, spreadsheets, web browsers, games, media players.  

Categories:

• Productivity software
• Entertainment software
• Education software
• Business software

Utilities

• System software that helps maintain and optimize computer performance.  
• Often included with the operating system or purchased separately.
• Examples: antivirus software, disk defragmenters, file compression tools, backup software.  

Key functions:

• System optimization
• Data protection
• System maintenance

To summarize:

• The operating system is the core software that manages the computer.  
• Applications are programs that users interact with to perform specific tasks such as word processing, Internet browsing, etc.
• Utilities are tools that help maintain and optimize the computer system.